AI tools help attackers develop sophisticated phishing campaigns

Phishing scams are a growing threat, and cybercriminals’ methods are becoming increasingly sophisticated, making them harder to detect and block, according to Zscaler report.

The report found that a majority of modern phishing attacks rely on stolen credentials and outlined the growing threat from Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) attacks, increased use of the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), as well as reliance on phishing kits sourced from black markets and AI tools like ChatGPT.

“Phishing remains one of the most prevalent threat vectors cybercriminals utilize to breach global organizations. Year-over-year, we continue to see an increase in the number of phishing attacks which are becoming more sophisticated in nature. Threat actors are leveraging phishing kits & AI tools to launch highly effective e-mail, SMiShing, and Vishing campaigns at scale”,” said Deepen Desai, Global CISO and Head of Security, Zscaler.

“AitM attacks supported by growth in Phishing-as-a-Service have allowed attackers to bypass traditional security models, including multi-factor authentication. To protect their environment, organizations should adopt a zero trust architecture to significantly minimize the attack surface, prevent compromise, and reduce the blast radius in case of a successful attack,” added Desai.

The rise in new and evolving threats like ChatGPT

The emergence of new AI technology and large language models like ChatGPT have made it easier for cybercriminals to generate malicious code, Business Email Compromise (BEC) attacks, and develop polymorphic malware that makes it harder for victims to identify phishing.

Malicious actors are also increasingly hosting their phishing pages on the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), a distributed peer-to-peer file system that allows users to store and share files on a decentralized network of computers. It is much more difficult to remove a phishing page hosted in IPFS because of its peer-to-peer network aspect.

ThreatLabz recently discovered a large-scale phishing campaign that involves Adversary-in-The-Middle attacks. AiTM attacks use techniques capable of bypassing conventional multi-factor authentication methods.

Vishing, or voicemail-themed phishing campaigns, have evolved from SMS or SMiShing attacks. Attackers are using real voice snippets of the executive team in these vishing attacks by leaving a voicemail of these pre-recorded messages. Then, recipients are pressured into taking action, like transferring money or providing credentials. Many US-based organizations have been targeted using vishing attacks.

Recruitment scams on LinkedIn and other job recruiting sites are also on the rise. Unfortunately, in 2022, many big businesses in Silicon Valley made the tough decision to downsize. As a result, cybercriminals leveraged fake job postings, sites, portals, and forms to attract job seekers. Victims would often undergo an entire interview process, with some even being asked to purchase supplies to be reimbursed later.

Name brands used to lure victims

Cybercriminals often find success when impersonating popular consumer and technology brands. Microsoft was once again the most imitated brand of the year, accounting for nearly 31% of attacks as the attackers phished for access to various Microsoft corporate applications of the victim organizations.

Cryptocurrency exchange Binance accounted for 17% of imitated brand attacks, with phishers posing as fake customer representatives from banks or P2P companies. Big brands like Netflix, Facebook, and Adobe rounded out the top 20 most imitated and phished brands.

North America continues to be a top target for phishing attacks

The U.S., once again, keeps its top spot as the most targeted country for phishing attacks. Data indicated that more than 65% of all phishing attempts occurred in the U.S., an increase from last year’s 60%.

While the U.S. continues to lead the way, the research revealed staggering year-over-year increases in phishing attempts targeting Canada (718%), the U.K. (269%), Russia (199%), and Japan (92%). Conversely, Hungary and Singapore both decreased by 90% and 48%.

ThreatLabz believes the decrease in Singapore may be due to the government’s efforts toward investing in cybersecurity, including initiatives by the country’s Cyber Security Agency (CSA).

Phishing campaigns on education and healthcare industries surge

The education industry experienced the most significant surge in 2022 phishing campaigns, jumping from the eighth spot to number one, with an increase of 576%. ThreatLabz believes the 2022 application process for student loan repayments and debt relief played a role in this surge.

Rounding out the top five industries under attack are finance, insurance, government, and healthcare, which saw just under 31 million attempts in 2021 to over 114 million in 2022.

Retail and wholesale industries, which topped the list as most targeted last year, saw a decrease of 67%. The service industry also saw a decline of 38% from attempts in 2021.

Countering phishing attacks

With the average organization receiving phishing emails daily, financial losses incurred from malware and ransomware attacks can quickly drive up year-over-year IT costs. Facing all the threats outlined in this report is a big job, and while the risk of phishing threats can not be eliminated entirely, IT and security teams can learn from observed incidents. Zscaler recommends the following best practices to manage phishing risk better:

• Understand the risks to better inform policy and strategy
• Leverage automated tools and threat intel to reduce phishing incidents
• Implement zero trust architectures to limit the blast radius of successful attacks
• Deliver timely training to build security awareness and promote user reporting
• Simulate phishing attacks to identify gaps in your program

The Zscaler Zero Trust Exchange protects systems from phishing

Industry statistics reveal that the average organization receives a high volume of phishing emails daily, and user compromise is one of the most complex security challenges to defend against.

The Zscaler Zero Trust Exchange platform is built on a holistic zero trust architecture to minimize the attack surface, prevent compromise, eliminate lateral movement, and stop data loss. Zscaler helps stop phishing in the following ways:

• Prevents compromise: Full SSL inspection at scale, browser isolation, and policy-driven access control to prevent access to suspicious websites.
• Eliminates lateral movement: By connecting users directly to apps, not the network, to limit the blast radius of a potential incident.
• Shuts down compromised users and insider threats: If an attacker gains access to your identity system, Zscaler can prevent private app exploit attempts with in-line inspection and detect the most sophisticated attackers with integrated deception.
• Stops data loss: Inspect data-in-motion and data-at-rest to prevent potential data theft from an active attacker.

Global CISO and Head of Security Research, Deepen Desai, will present the report findings at RSA Conference 2023 in San Francisco on Thursday, April 27th, from 8:30 AM – 9:20 AM PT.