70,000 hacked servers for sale on xDedic underground market

Kaspersky Lab researchers have investigated a global forum where cybercriminals can buy and sell access to compromised servers for as little as $6 each.

xDedic forum login

The xDedic marketplace, which appears to be run by a Russian-speaking group, currently lists 70,624 hacked RDP servers for sale. Many of the servers host or provide access to popular consumer websites and services and some have software installed for direct mail, financial accounting and PoS processing. They can be used to target the owners’ infrastructures or as a launch-pad for wider attacks, while the owners, including government entities, corporations and universities, have little or no idea of what’s happening.

xDedic is a powerful example of a new kind of cybercriminal marketplace: well-organized and supported, and offering everyone from entry-level cybercriminals to APT groups fast, cheap, and easy access to legitimate organizational infrastructure that keeps their crimes below the radar for as long as possible.

A European ISP alerted Kaspersky Lab to the existence of xDedic and the companies worked together to investigate how the forum operates. The process is simple and thorough: hackers break into servers, often through brute-force attacks, and bring the credentials to xDedic. The hacked servers are then checked for their RDP configuration, memory, software, browsing history and more, all features that customers can search through before buying. After that, they are added to a growing online inventory that includes access to:

• Servers belonging to government networks, corporations and universities
• Servers tagged for having access to or hosting certain websites and services, including gaming, betting, dating, online shopping, online banking and payment, cell phone networks, ISPs and browsers
• Servers with pre-installed software that could facilitate an attack, including direct mail, financial and PoS software.

From as little as $6 per server, members of the xDedic forum can access all of a server’s data and also use it as a platform for further malicious attacks. This could potentially include targeted attacks, malware, DDoS, phishing, social-engineering and adware attacks, among others.

The servers’ legitimate owners – reputable organizations including government networks, corporations and universities – are often unaware that their IT infrastructure has been compromised. Furthermore, once a campaign has been completed, the attackers can put access to the server back up for sale and the whole process can begin again.

The xDedic marketplace seems to have opened for business sometime in 2014, and has become significantly more popular since the middle of 2015. In May 2016, it listed 70,624 servers from 173 countries for sale, posted in the names of 416 different sellers. The top 15 countries affected are: Brazil, China, Russia, India, Spain, Italy, France, Australia, South Africa, Malaysia, United Kingdom, Mexico, Columbia, the United States and Germany.

The group behind xDedic appears to be Russian-speaking, and claims that it merely provides a trading platform and has no links or affiliations to the sellers.

“xDedic is further confirmation that cybercrime-as-a-service is expanding through the addition of commercial ecosystems and trading platforms. Its existence makes it easier than ever for everyone, from low-skilled malicious attackers to nation-state backed APTs to engage in potentially devastating attacks in a way that is cheap, fast and effective. The ultimate victims are not just the consumers or organizations targeted in an attack, but also the unsuspecting owners of the servers: they are likely to be completely unaware that their servers are being hijacked again and again for different attacks, all conducted right under their nose,” said Costin Raiu, Director, Global Research and Analysis Team, Kaspersky Lab.